array

How do you keep a list of values across bars, such as the closes of the last five up days? Declare an array with var, so the same array carries from bar to bar, then push to it and read it with array.get or a summary such as array.avg. An array holds values of one type and counts from index 0. It grows and shrinks as you add and remove elements. Most functions here can also be called as a method, as in ups.push(close).

pine

//@version=6
indicator("Mean of the last five up closes")
var array<float> ups = array.new_float() // var: one array, kept from bar to bar
if close > open
    ups.push(close)
    if ups.size() > 5
        ups.shift() // drop the oldest
plot(ups.avg())

References and copies

An array variable holds a reference to the array, not its values. b = a gives one array two names, so a change made through either shows in both. array.copy and array.slice make a new array, which you can change without touching the original. The copy is one level deep. An element that is an object, an array or a map is the same one in both, so a change inside it shows in both.

pine

//@version=6
indicator("Shared or copied")
a = array.from(1.0, 2.0)
b = a              // the same array under a second name
c = array.copy(a)  // a new array
b.set(0, 9)
plot(a.get(0), "a")  // 9: changed through b
plot(c.get(0), "c")  // 1: the copy kept its value

An earlier bar's array

a[1] is the array as it stood when the previous bar closed, with the size and the elements it had then. On the first bar it is na. The snapshot is one level deep, like a copy. An array, a map or an object held inside it is the same one as today's, so a change made to it since shows in a[1] too.

pine

//@version=6
indicator("Elements added since the last bar")
var array<float> a = array.new_float()
a.push(close)
plot(bar_index > 0 ? a.size() - array.size(a[1]) : na) // 1 on every bar after the first

Indexes

Index 0 is the first element and size - 1 the last. A negative index counts from the end, so -1 is the last element. An index past either end stops the script with an error, and so do array.pop, array.shift, array.first and array.last on an empty array. A fractional index drops its fraction, so 1.7 reads index 1. A na index reads na in array.get and array.remove, changes nothing in array.set, and appends in array.insert.

`na` and infinity in statistics

The statistics skip a na element, and some skip an infinity too. An infinity here is a value such as 1.0 / (close - close) worked out at run time: strict Pine refuses a literal division by zero.

Functions	A `na` element	An infinite element
`sum`, `avg`, `min`, `max`, `range`, `stdev`, `variance`	skipped	skipped
`median`, `mode`, `percentrank`	skipped	kept
`percentile_nearest_rank`, `percentile_linear_interpolation`	sorted last and counted	kept

An empty array, or one holding only na, reads na from each of these, and that includes array.sum, which doesn't read 0. array.standardize and array.abs keep a na in its place. array.covariance reads na if either array holds one.

Equality

array.includes, array.indexof and array.lastindexof look for an element that is exactly the value. Two floats match only when they are the same number, although == treats floats within 1e-10 of each other as equal. So 0.1 + 0.2 worked out at run time doesn't match 0.3. Strings, bools and colours match by value. Objects, arrays and maps match only when they are the same one. A na matches a na.

Size limit

An array holds at most 100,000 elements. Making or growing one past that stops the script with an error.

Parameter	Default	Description
`size` `series int`	`0`	How many elements.
`initial_value` `<array_type>`	`na`	The value of every element.

Name	Takes	Gives
`array.new_bool`	`size: series int, initial_value: series bool`	`array<bool>`
`array.new_box`	`size: series int, initial_value: series box`	`array<box>`
`array.new_color`	`size: series int, initial_value: series color`	`array<color>`
`array.new_float`	`size: series int, initial_value: series int/float`	`array<float>`
`array.new_int`	`size: series int, initial_value: series int`	`array<int>`
`array.new_label`	`size: series int, initial_value: series label`	`array<label>`
`array.new_line`	`size: series int, initial_value: series line`	`array<line>`
`array.new_linefill`	`size: series int, initial_value: series linefill`	`array<linefill>`
`array.new_string`	`size: series int, initial_value: series string`	`array<string>`
`array.new_table`	`size: series int, initial_value: series table`	`array<table>`

Parameter	Description
`size` `series int`	How many elements, 0 if left out.
`initial_value`	The value of every element.

Parameter
`arg0` `<arg..._type>`
`arg1` `<arg..._type>`
`...` `<arg..._type>`

array ​

References and copies ​

An earlier bar's array ​

Indexes ​

na and infinity in statistics ​

Equality ​

Size limit ​

array.new ​

array.new_* ​

array.from ​

array.get ​

array.set ​

array.size ​

array.first ​

array.last ​

array.push ​

array.pop ​

array.unshift ​

array.shift ​

array.insert ​

array.remove ​

array.clear ​

array.fill ​

array.copy ​

array.slice ​

array.concat ​

array.reverse ​

array.join ​

array.includes ​

array.indexof ​

array.lastindexof ​

array.binary_search ​

array.binary_search_leftmost ​

array.binary_search_rightmost ​

array.sort ​

array.sort_indices ​

array.sum ​

array.avg ​

array.min ​

array.max ​

array.median ​

array.mode ​

array.range ​

array.stdev ​

array.variance ​

array.covariance ​

array.standardize ​

array.abs ​

array.percentile_nearest_rank ​

array.percentile_linear_interpolation ​

array.percentrank ​

array.every ​

array.some ​

array.map ​

array.filter ​

array.reduce ​

array.sort_by ​

array.any ​

array.all ​

array.find ​

array

References and copies

An earlier bar's array

Indexes

`na` and infinity in statistics

Equality

Size limit

array.new

array.new_*

array.from

array.get

array.set

array.size

array.first

array.last

array.push

array.pop

array.unshift

array.shift

array.insert

array.remove

array.clear

array.fill

array.copy

array.slice

array.concat

array.reverse

array.join

array.includes

array.indexof

array.lastindexof

array.binary_search

array.binary_search_leftmost

array.binary_search_rightmost

array.sort

array.sort_indices

array.sum

array.avg

array.min

array.max

array.median

array.mode

array.range

array.stdev

array.variance

array.covariance

array.standardize

array.abs

array.percentile_nearest_rank

array.percentile_linear_interpolation

array.percentrank

array.every

array.some

array.map

array.filter

array.reduce

array.sort_by

array.any

array.all

array.find