Declarations

How does a script say what it is? Its first statement declares it: indicator() for a study that plots, strategy() for one that trades on the backtester, or library() for functions other scripts import. The declaration names the script and sets where it draws, how many drawings it keeps and, for a strategy, how its account works.

//@version=6
strategy("Breakout", overlay = true, initial_capital = 10000,
      default_qty_type = strategy.percent_of_equity, default_qty_value = 100,
      commission_value = 0.1, slippage = 2)
float upper = ta.highest(high, 20)[1]
if close > upper and strategy.position_size == 0
    strategy.entry("Long", strategy.long)
if close < ta.lowest(low, 10)[1]
    strategy.close("Long")
plot(upper, "Upper band")

indicator

Pine v6

indicator(title, shorttitle, overlay, format, precision, scale, max_bars_back, timeframe, timeframe_gaps, explicit_plot_zorder, max_lines_count, max_labels_count, max_boxes_count, calc_bars_count, max_polylines_count, dynamic_requests, behind_chart, warmup) → void

Declares a study that plots, draws or computes, with no orders.

Parameter	Default	Description
title const string		The name the chart's legend and the study list show.
shorttitle const string		Accepted. The legend shows title, and shorttitle stands in only when title is left out.
overlay const bool	false	true draws on the price pane, and false in a pane of its own.
format const string	format.inherit	How the study's values read, unless a plot sets its own: format.price, format.percent, format.volume or format.mintick. See plot.
precision const int		The decimals the study's values show. Left out, the symbol's own.
scaleNo effect here const scale_type		Accepted, and changes nothing.
max_bars_backNo effect here const int		Accepted, and changes nothing: every bar keeps its history.
timeframeNo effect here const string		Accepted, and changes nothing. A study runs on the chart's own timeframe here. To read another, use request.security.
timeframe_gapsNo effect here const bool		Accepted, and changes nothing.
explicit_plot_zorder const bool	false	true stacks plots, lines and fills in the order the script writes them.
max_lines_count const int	50	How many lines stay drawn, the newest.
max_labels_count const int	50	How many labels stay drawn, the newest.
max_boxes_count const int	50	How many boxes stay drawn, the newest.
calc_bars_count const int		Changes nothing, since every bar runs. Leak-safe AmenoScript refuses it, because a run that started where its data ends would read otherwise once more data came.
max_polylines_count const int	50	How many polylines stay drawn, the newest.
dynamic_requestsNo effect here const bool	true	Accepted. Requests may always sit in loops and branches here.
behind_chart const bool	true	false draws an overlay in front of the candles.
warmupAmenoScript only const int		A whole number of bars: how much history the script's state needs before older bars stop mattering. Has no effect here.

strategy

Pine v6

strategy(title, shorttitle, overlay, format, precision, scale, pyramiding, calc_on_order_fills, calc_on_every_tick, max_bars_back, backtest_fill_limits_assumption, default_qty_type, default_qty_value, initial_capital, currency, slippage, commission_type, commission_value, process_orders_on_close, close_entries_rule, margin_long, margin_short, explicit_plot_zorder, max_lines_count, max_labels_count, max_boxes_count, calc_bars_count, risk_free_rate, use_bar_magnifier, fill_orders_on_standard_ohlc, max_polylines_count, dynamic_requests, behind_chart, warmup, qty_step, close_on_end_of_data) → void

Declares a strategy: a study whose orders the backtester fills, with the account its arguments describe.

The account's arguments are read once, on the first bar. How the emulator fills each order is on How a strategy fills.

A strategy with no overlay draws on the price pane here

This engine reads a missing overlay as true for strategy(). TradingView's default is false, which puts the strategy's plots in a pane of their own. Write overlay out if the pane matters.

Parameter	Default	Description
title const string		The name the chart's legend, the study list and the Strategy Tester show.
shorttitle const string		Accepted. It stands in only when title is left out.
overlay const bool	true	true draws on the price pane, and false in a pane of its own.
format const string	format.inherit	How the strategy's values read, unless a plot sets its own.
precision const int		The decimals its values show. Left out, the symbol's own.
scaleNo effect here const scale_type		Accepted, and changes nothing.
pyramiding const int	0	How many entries may stack in one direction. 0 and 1 both allow one. See sizes.
calc_on_order_fillsNo effect here const bool	false	Accepted on history, where a run happens once a bar. Leak-safe AmenoScript refuses true.
calc_on_every_tick const bool	false	true runs the script on every update of a live bar. Leak-safe AmenoScript refuses true. See when your script runs.
max_bars_backNo effect here const int		Accepted, and changes nothing.
backtest_fill_limits_assumptionNo effect here const int	0	Accepted, and changes nothing: a limit fills when the price touches it.
default_qty_type const string	strategy.fixed	How an order with no qty is sized: strategy.fixed units, strategy.cash money, or strategy.percent_of_equity.
default_qty_value const int/float	1	The units, money or percent that default_qty_type sizes with.
initial_capital const int/float	1000000	The money the account starts with.
currencyNo effect here const string	currency.NONE	Accepted. Amounts stay in the symbol's currency.
slippage const int	0	Ticks a market order, a stop and a trailing stop fill against you. A limit never slips. See slippage.
commission_type const string	strategy.commission.percent	strategy.commission.percent, strategy.commission.cash_per_contract or strategy.commission.cash_per_order.
commission_value const int/float	0	The commission, in the type's unit.
process_orders_on_close const bool	false	true fills a market order at the close that placed it. See at the close.
close_entries_rule const string	"FIFO"	"FIFO" closes the oldest lot first, whichever entry an order names. "ANY" closes the lots the order names.
margin_long const int/float	100	The percent of a long's value that equity must cover. 0 turns margin off. See margin.
margin_short const int/float	100	The same for a short.
explicit_plot_zorder const bool	false	true stacks plots, lines and fills in the order the script writes them.
max_lines_count const int	50	How many lines stay drawn, the newest.
max_labels_count const int	50	How many labels stay drawn, the newest.
max_boxes_count const int	50	How many boxes stay drawn, the newest.
calc_bars_count const int	0	Changes nothing, since every bar runs. Leak-safe AmenoScript refuses it.
risk_free_rate const int/float	2	A percent a year, taken off before the Sharpe and Sortino ratios. See the report.
use_bar_magnifierNo effect here const bool	false	Accepted, and changes nothing: fills read each bar's own four prices.
fill_orders_on_standard_ohlcNo effect here const bool	false	Accepted, and changes nothing.
max_polylines_count const int	50	How many polylines stay drawn, the newest.
dynamic_requestsNo effect here const bool	true	Accepted. Requests may always sit in loops and branches here.
behind_chart const bool	true	false draws an overlay in front of the candles.
warmupAmenoScript only const int		A whole number of bars: how much history the strategy's state needs. Has no effect here.
qty_stepAmenoScript only const float		The step every size is floored to. Left out, whole units for shares, funds, futures and forex, and millionths for crypto.
close_on_end_of_dataAmenoScript only const bool	true	true closes whatever is still open at the last bar's close, so the trade list is complete. false leaves it open.

library

Pine v6

library(title, overlay, dynamic_requests) → void

Declares a library: functions, types and constants that other scripts bring in with import.

Mark what an importer may use with export. An importer gets the library's exported functions, types, enums and constants under its alias, and nothing else of the library runs there: its plots and its own library() call stay with the library. See imports.

Parameter	Default	Description
title const string		The library's name in the legend. An import doesn't read it: it finds the library by the name you saved it under in your script store.
overlay const bool	false	Where the library's own plots draw when it runs on a chart.
dynamic_requestsNo effect here const bool	true	Accepted.

See also

• How a strategy fills
• strategy.* functions and values
• Imports and libraries
• Plots